Institutions of Arrival

Since 2015, Distribution Centers have been the first station for asylum seekers entering Austria. A spatial examination opens up a critical discussion about the general architectural demands for the first arrival of asylum seekers. Based on 5 essential parameters, a spatial study has been developed for a new "Institution of Arrival".

We defined 5 essential parameters to critically analyse the Distribution Centers. Analogous to the Total Institutions of Goffman, they are designed in an isolated and nontransparent way, which removes the opportunity to interact with people outside the institution to a minimum. They show strong control mechanisms that affect the self-determination of the residents and their privacy. Strict daily routines are forced onto the people living in the centers and there are clear rules to follow. They further do not have a say in where they get allocated to or when. In order to change those parameters in a positive way towards more self-determination and a better integration, we redesigned the arrival process and developed 5 main demands that have to be met. A central location that offers the required infrastructure has to be chosen. The institution has to be opened up by implementing public areas to enable networking and interaction as well as transparency. Living outside the institution and still using its infrastructure has to be permitted. Self-determined and independent living that ensures the protection of the residents' privacy has to be made possible. People coming to Austria have to be integrated and supported with information and professional counselling from the first day on. Taking an example of the Distribution Center located in Vienna, a spatial study has been developed for a new “Institution of Arrival”. The design demonstrates the effects of spatial interventions following the 5 main demands. The new Arrival Process is open for external stakeholders such as neighbours and NGOs. Asylum seekers get easier access to information and counselling and can live and act self-sufficiently. Furthermore they have a say in decisions concerning their application process. Changing the Arrival Process is the first step towards a better integration. This work provides a foundation for future architects, planners, and federal institutions regarding the accommodation of asylum seekers and opens up a transparent debate regarding spatial and procedural improvements for all stages of the asylum process.