Discrete Blockbau Architecture

How can we ensure that, in the future, our homes can be repurposed into new, unpredictable forms? "Deconstructible architecture = architecture for reuse" is no longer a viable solution in today’s circular economy. Future generations of architects working with the architectural components we produce today should not be constrained in their design possibilities. Instead of incinerating CLT industry by-products, the LokAlp patent has demonstrated a better life-cycle approach for engineered wood by creating new, universal building blocks inspired by the ancient knowledge of Blockbau architecture.

The thesis Discrete Blockbau Architecture explores technological innovation in the timber construction industry, focusing on digital fabrication, augmented reality, and generative design. The project originates from an experience at the robotic design studio Studio RAP at the Innovation Dock in Rotterdam, later developing further at the Indexlab laboratories, leading to its patenting and exhibition at SAIE 2023. The analysis begins with a historical and technological study of Blockbau architecture, investigating the evolution of timber joints and production techniques. The concept of digital material in discrete architecture is then explored, which combines mass customization, circular economy, and reuse into a new architectural paradigm. Within this context, LokAlp was developed: a discrete construction system that reinterprets traditional Blockbau joints in a contemporary way. The block is designed according to the principles of digitization (generative computational design), recycling (using CLT waste), and reuse (dry connections). Based on cubic modules ranging from 10 to 16 cm, the system ensures lightness (<10 kg) for easy human and robotic assembly. The 15 prototypes developed, designed for production with six-axis robotic arms, demonstrated the production advantages of new manufacturing techniques. However, the final production was carried out using traditional machinery with the support of Legnotech, which sponsored the production of 137 blocks. Presented at SAIE 2023 construction fair as an architectural pavilion, the system was assembled using augmented reality, demonstrating efficiency in self-construction contexts. Following its success, Politecnico di Milano registered LokAlp as a “European Community Design and/or Model” with the EUIPO on November 7, 2023.